THEMES IN U.S. & WORLD HISTORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Topics IN U.S. and WORLD HISTORY - Essay Example B. Legitimize your decision of the one most critical natural/geographic factor that added to the turn of events or dispersion of one human culture from the accompanying list:â Prosperity of the Mesopotamian culture was foreordained by the ripe soil and created arrangement of water system that thus permitted keeping the huge number of cows. These were the significant variables for the success of the human advancement, just as the nearness of the positive atmosphere. Mesopotamian and Egyptian civic establishments contrasted from multiple points of view, yet them two were reliant on the stream frameworks. In any case, Egyptians basically populated the Nile River valley, while Mesopotamians settled all over the Middle East. C. Legitimize your decision of the two most huge social or potentially political changes that happened because of the activities of one individual from the accompanying rundown of world leaders:â Nelson Mandela speaks to a case of a brilliant pioneer who enlivened a large number of individuals around the globe. Most importantly Mandela won the first multi-racial decisions in South Africa along these lines making a huge change in discernment and working of a visually challenged society in Africa and around the globe. Preceding turning into a president Mandela was known for his enemy of politically-sanctioned racial segregation rough activities, his activities stood out to the current issue. D. Legitimize your decision of the two most noteworthy social or potentially political changes that happened because of the activities of one individual from the accompanying rundown of United States leaders:â I guess that Martin Luther King turned into a notorious figure, whose mental fortitude motivated incalculable individuals. As a matter of first importance Martin Luther King upheld for social equality by methods for the quiet strategies and never empowered utilizing savagery for accomplishing the objectives. His discourse I Have a Dream empowered m aking of a visually challenged society and society dependent on correspondence. He effectively tended to issues of neediness and added as far as possible of the War in Vietnam. E. Examine the ascent of dominion or expansionism in one region of the world from the accompanying list:â Western nations were keen on extending their impact past the outskirts of Europe. South East Asia got one of the survivors of this colonialism. In the nineteenth century China was especially helpless and couldn't avoid the dominion from Japan, Russia and distinctive Western nations. In particular Chinese markets opened for exchange †Britain was exactly intrigued by this measure. Two Opium Wars, endless questions and clashes prompted an absolute enslavement of China. Since Japan was an Asian nation that drove a forceful expansionist arrangement in the area, nearby populace exceptionally opposed its activities. The forceful Japanese strategy foreordained negative view of the country’s activiti es in the area for a considerable length of time. F. Analyze the strategies of one vicious upset and one peaceful upheaval from the accompanying list:â I might want to address the two most splendid instances of unrests from the Eastern European nations: Russian Revolution of 1917 and Orange Revolution in Ukraine from late 2004 mid 2005. Russian Revolution is plainly the situation of a vicious difference in the system in the nation, trailed by the execution of the Tsar’s family and annihilation of all past existing foundation and intellectuals. Despite what might be expected, Orange Revolution in Ukraine, just about a century after the Russian one, speaks to a peaceful situation of an upset, when individuals had the option to accomplish

E portfolio assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

E portfolio task - Essay Example In like manner, skulls are isolated into three classifications. The warm blooded animals like sheep, pigs, dairy animals and ponies have non-primate skulls. Monkey, Gorilla and Chimpanzee has a place with non-human primate skulls. The third classification, called primate skulls subtleties the shape, size and other known parameters of human skulls.(NS 201, p87) The investigation of authentic parts of life inside the extent of Biology identifies with biodiversity. What's more, the ongoing space explore results have stimulated the enthusiasm of numerous researchers to consider the chance of presence of life, in planets past earth, similar to Mars, Saturn or a few moons of Jupiter. Such examinations are called â€Å"exo-biology†.(NS 201, p34) Numerous types of creatures and people have regular attributes in their structures that show the similitudes of their living beings. In like manner, Homology identifies with concentrates toward this path. For instance, numerous similitudes are found in the structure of human skeleton and that of a chimpanzee. Numerous creatures from a typical ancessetor acquire the fundamental vertebrate â€Å"body plan†, in spite of the fact that they may have remotely related life forms. Such creatures have homologous skeleton structures.(NS 201, p51) As per Darwin, characteristic choices are moderate and dependant on the natural changes. Thus, these may not be recognizable during the lifetime of any researcher. In like manner, these systems are concentrated with the assistance of reproductions, utilizing various techniques like directional, settling and problematic choice models.(NS 201,

Cerebellum Location and Function

Cerebellum Location and Function Theories Biological Psychology Print The Location and Function of the Cerebellum in the Brain By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Claudia Chaves, MD on October 09, 2019 Claudia Chaves, MD, is board-certified in cerebrovascular disease and neurology with a subspecialty certification in vascular neurology. Learn about our Medical Review Board Claudia Chaves, MD Updated on February 01, 2020 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, and Technology(MEXT) Integrated Database Project More in Theories Biological Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Psychosocial Psychology The cerebellum (which is Latin for “little brain”) is a major structure of the hindbrain that is located near the brainstem.??? This part of the brain is responsible for a number of functions including motor skills such as balance, coordination, and posture. Location of the Cerebellum The cerebellum is the largest structure of the hindbrain and can be found in the back portion of the skull below the temporal and occipital lobes and behind the brainstem. When looking at the brain, the cerebellum looks much like a smaller structure separate from the brain, found beneath the hemispheres of the cerebral cortex. The cerebellum consists of a cortex covering white matter, as well as a ventricle filled with fluid. It is also divided into two hemispheres like the cerebral cortex. The cerebellum makes up just 10% of the total volume of the brain, yet it contains more than half of the brains neurons. Function of the Cerebellum The cerebellum plays an important role in motor control, the coordination of motor movements and balance, among other things. There are several key functions of the cerebellum.?? Coordinating the Bodys Voluntary Movements Movement is a complex process that requires a number of different muscle groups working together. Consider how many muscle groups are involved in the process of walking, running, or throwing a ball. While the cerebellum is not thought to initiate movement, this part of the brain helps organize all of the actions of the muscle groups involved in a particular movement to ensure that the body is able to produce a fluid, coordinated movement. Balance and Posture In order to understand the important role that the cerebellum plays, it can be helpful to look at what happens when the function of this part of the brain is impaired. Drinking alcohol, for example, has an immediate effect on the cerebellum and leads to disruptions in the bodys coordination and movements.?? People who are severely intoxicated might find that they cannot even walk in a straight line or touch their own nose when asked. Motor Learning When you learn to perform a new skill such as riding a bike or hitting a baseball, you often go through a trial-and-error process. As you fine-tune your motor movements, you eventually become better able to perform the skill and eventually you can perform the action seamlessly. The cerebellum plays a critical role in this motor learning process. A Guide to the Anatomy of the Brain

A democratic political system is an essential condition for sustained economic progress. Discuss Free Essay Example, 2500 words

The renowned international affairs expert, Francis Fukuyama argued in his book, The End of History and the Last Man, that the fall of communism and the rise of liberal democracy have marked the End of History as far as the triumph of a particular ideology is concerned (Fukuyama, 1991). This has been echoed by other writers who have expressed sentiments in favor of capitalism and democracy being concomitant to each other in their complementarities. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT The common notion of development with the measure of GDP (Gross Domestic Product) as a yardstick of progress is sometimes misleading. Since the ratio between the rich and the poor and the wealth gap have to be considered as well, GDP fails to accurately convey the well being of the people of the country. A better measure of overall well being of a country is the Human Development Index or HDI that takes a broad view of the overall economic and social well being of the citizens of a country. There has been a consensus view emerging within the economic community that all round economic development can only be achieved if there are a measure of democratic norms in place within societies that are unable to grow beyond a certain point due to lack of opportunities and stifling political systems. We will write a custom essay sample on A democratic political system is an essential condition for sustained economic progress. Discuss or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now As the paper has pointed out previously, economists like Jean Dreze have maintained that unless a country improves on the measures like providing education, clean and safe drinking water and sanitation and other forms of social infrastructure, the possibility of further economic growth may be stunted due to lack of a pool of educated workforce and quality â€Å"human capital†. The last statement is crucial as the LDC’s may lose out on growth trajectory and their growth rates may taper off unless they provide for the needed parameters in the human development indices. The HDI statistics tell an important story. There have been instances of countries in East Asia that have progressed significantly since the 1970’s and have managed to obtain a measure of progress in this front. However, the countries of Sub-Saharan Africa have stagnated to a large extent in this regard. And Brazil is one of those countries that are midway through the process of adjusting itself to the human element of development. China, on the other hand has made progress on the GDP as well as the HDI front making it a true powerhouse to reckon with. Economists like Amartya Sen have pointed to the social indices as a measure of building up human capital that is so vital to the establishment of norms of market behavior.

Parkinson’S Disease. Abstract. Parkinson’S Disease Is A

Parkinson’s Disease Abstract Parkinson’s Disease is a very common disorder these days. Over 10 million people live daily with Parkinson worldwide. Parkinson’s Disease was named after an English surgeon James Parkinson who wrote a detailed description essay called Shaking Palsy in 1817. The average age for Parkinson’s Disease is between 45 to 70 years old but you can also have juvenile or young onset as well. Most common symptoms of Parkinson are tremors, bradykinesia or akinesia, or rigidity or stiffness, and balance disorder. Parkinson’s Disease doesn’t have a cure and the cause is unknown it could be a number of things genetics, environmental triggers, age, or gender. Parkinson’s Disease happens because the dopaminergic neuron dies and†¦show more content†¦Charcot examined a large group of patients within Salpetriere Hospital in Paris, he had developed a way to observe tremors in action and at rest. â€Å"He noted that the patients with action tremor had acco mpanying features of weakness, spasticity, and visual disturbance. In contrast, those with rest tremor differed in having rigidity, slowed movements, a typical hunched posture, and very soft spoken.† (Goetz 2011) Charcot early tremor studies helped to establish Parkinson’s Disease through his very high publicized findings that neurological entity could be confidently be diagnosed. In 1957 a Swedish scientist Arvid Carlsson found out that dopamine in the brain region that is important for movement control. He showed that the levels of dopamine can be reduced in animals to cause symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease and also by giving the animals levodopa (L-dopa) to reverse the symptoms of PD. PD is second most common neurodegenerative after Alzheimer’s Disease and the most common movement disorder. Over 60,000 people here in the United States are diagnosed every year but they say the numbers can be much higher with undiagnosed people out there but over one milli on people live with Parkinson daily.10 million people worldwide live with Parkinson’s Disease and April 11th is World Parkinson’s Day. On April 11th, 2017 marked 200 years since James Parkinson publicized his essay. Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis haveShow MoreRelatedThe Disease Of Parkinson s Disease1077 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract This paper is limited to Parkinson’s Disease. Parkinson’s Disease was thoroughly researched and will be described in depth including: physiology, etiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic testing, therapeutic measures, and short vs. long term effects. 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Night World Dark Angel Chapter 6 Free Essays

Your hair!† Amy screamed. â€Å"Gillian, your hair! What did you do to it?† Amy’s own hair was short, cropped close in back and full in front. She had large, limpid blue eyes that always looked as if she were about to cry, because she was nearsighted but couldn’t wear contacts and wouldn’t wear glasses. We will write a custom essay sample on Night World : Dark Angel Chapter 6 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Her face was sweet and usually anxious; just now it looked more anxious than normal. Gillian put a self-conscious hand to her head. â€Å"Don’t you like it?† â€Å"I don’t know! It’s gone!† â€Å"This is true.† â€Å"But why?† â€Å"Calm down, Amy.† (If this is the way everybody’s going to react, I think I’m in trouble.) Gillian had discovered that she could talk to Angel without moving her lips and that he could answer in her head. It was convenient. (Tell her you cut it because it froze. That ought to flip her guilt circuits.) Angel’s voice sounded the same as it did when she could see him. Soft, wry, distinctly his. It seemed to be located just behind her left ear. â€Å"I had to cut it because it was frozen,† Gillian said. â€Å"It broke off,† she added brightly, inspired. Amy’s blue eyes got even wider with horror. She looked stricken. â€Å"Oh, my God, Gillian-† Then she cocked her head and frowned. â€Å"Actually, I don’t think that’s possible,† she said. â€Å"I think it’d stay pliable even frozen. Unless, like, you dipped it in liquid nitrogen. †¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Whatever,† Gillian said grimly. â€Å"I did it. Listen, I’ve got it slicked back behind my ears right now, but the ends are sort of uneven. Can you smooth them out a little?† â€Å"I can try,† Amy said doubtfully. Gillian sat down, pulling together the neck of the rose-colored bathrobe she was wearing over her clothes. She handed Amy the scissors. â€Å"Got a comb?† â€Å"Yes. Oh, Gillian, I was trying to tell you. I’m so sorry about yesterday. I just forgot-but it’s all my fault-and you almost died!† The comb quivered against the back of Gillian’s neck. â€Å"Wait a minute. How did you find out about that?† â€Å"Eugeneheard it from Steffi Lockhart’s little brother, and I think Steffi heard it from David Blackburn. Did he really save you? That’s so incredibly romantic.† â€Å"Yeah, sort of.† (Uh, what do I tell people about that? What do I tell them about the whole thing?) (The truth. Up to a point. Just leave me and the near-death stuff out.) â€Å"I’ve been thinking all morning,† Amy was saying, â€Å"and I realized that I’ve been an absolute pig this last week. I don’t deserve to be called a best friend. And I want you to know that I’m sorry, and that things are going to be different now. I came to pick you up first, and then we’re going to getEugene .† (Oh, joy.) (Be nice, dragonfly. She’s trying. Say thank you.) Gillian shrugged. It didn’t seem to matter much what Amy did, now that she had Angel. But she said, â€Å"Thanks, Amy,† and held still as the cold scissors went snip behind her ear. â€Å"You’re so sweet,† Amy murmured. â€Å"I thought you’d be all mad. But you’re such a good person. I felt so terrible, thinking about you alone out there, freezing, and being so brave, trying to save a little kid-â€Å" â€Å"Did they find a kid?† Gillian interrupted. â€Å"Huh? No, I don’t think so. Nobody was talking about anything like that last night. And I haven’t heard about any kid being missing, either.† (Told you, dragonfly. Are you satisfied now?) (Yes, I am. Sorry.) â€Å"But it was still brave,† Amy said. â€Å"Your mom thinks so, too.† â€Å"My mom’s up?† â€Å"She went to the store. She said she’d be back in a few minutes.† Amy stepped back and looked at Gillian, scissors held in the air. â€Å"You know, I’m not sure I should be doing this†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Before Gillian could summon up a reply, she heard the sound of the front door opening and the rustling of paper bags. Then her mother appeared, her cheeks red with cold. She had two grocery bags in her arms. â€Å"Hi, girls,† she began, and broke off. She focused on Gillian’s hair. Her mouth fell open. â€Å"Don’t drop the bags,† Gillian said. She tried to sound careless, but her stomach was clenched like a fist. Her neck felt stiff and unnatural as she held very still. â€Å"Do you like it?† â€Å"I-I-† Gillian’s mother put the bags on the counter. â€Å"Amy †¦ did you have to cut it all?† â€Å"Amy didn’t do it. I did it last night. I just got tired of it long-† (And getting all wet and icy) â€Å"-and getting all wet and icy. So I cut it. So do you like it, or not?† â€Å"I don’t know,† her mother said slowly. â€Å"You look so much older. Like a Parisian model.† Gillian glowed. â€Å"Well.† Her mother shook her head slightly. â€Å"Now that it’s done–here, let me shape it a little. Just touch up the ends.† She took the scissors from Amy. (I’m going to be bald when this is finished!) (No, you’re not, kid. She knows what she’s doing.) And, strangely, there was something comforting about feeling her mother gently wield the scissors. About her mother’s scent, which was fresh like lavender soap, without any hint of the terrible alcohol smell. It reminded Gillian of the old days, when her mom taught at the junior college and was up every morning and never had uncombed hair or bloodshot eyes. Before the fights started, before her mom had to go to the hospital. Her mother seemed to feel it, too. She gave Gillian’s shoulder a pat as she whisked a bit of cut hair away. â€Å"I got fresh bread. I’ll make cinnamon toast and hot chocolate.† Another pat, and then she spoke with careful calm. â€Å"Are you sure you’re all right? You must have been†¦ pretty cold last night. We can call Dr. Kaczmarek if you want; it wouldn’t take a minute.† â€Å"No, I’m fine. Really. But where’s Daddy? Did he already go to work?† There was a pause, then her mother said, still calmly, â€Å"Your father left last night.† â€Å"Dad left?† (Dad left?) (It happened last night while you were asleep.) (A lot seems to have happened last night while I was asleep.) (The world’s kind of that way, dragonfly. It keeps on going even when you’re not paying attention.) â€Å"Anyway, we’ll talk about it later,† her mother said. A final pat. â€Å"There, that’s perfect. You’re beautiful, even if you don’t look like my little girl anymore. You’d better bundle up, though; it’s pretty cold out this morning.† â€Å"I’m already dressed.† The moment had come, and Gillian didn’t really care if she shocked her mother now or not. Her father had left again- and if that wasn’t unusual, it was still upsetting. The closeness with her mother had been spoiled, and she didn’t want cinnamon toast anymore. Gillian stepped to the middle of the kitchen and shrugged off the pink bathrobe. She was wearing black hipsters and a black camisole. Over it was a sheer black shirt, worn loose. She had on flat black boots and a black watch, and that was all she had on. â€Å"Gillian.† Amy and her mother were staring. Gillian stood defiantly. â€Å"But you never wear black,† her mother said weakly. Gillian knew. It had taken a long time to cull these things from the forgotten hinterlands of her closet. The camisole was from Great-grandma Elspeth, two Christmases ago, and had still had the price tag attached. â€Å"Didn’t you sort of forget to put on a sweater on top?† Amy suggested. (Stand your ground, kid. You look terrific.) â€Å"No, I didn’t forget. I’m going to wear a coat outside, of course. How do I look?† Amy swallowed. â€Å"Well-great. Extremely hot. But kind of scary.† Gillian’s mother lifted her hands and dropped them. â€Å"I don’t really know you anymore.† (Hooray!) (Yup, kid. Perfect.) Gillian was happy enough to give her mother a flying kiss. â€Å"Come on, Amy! We’d better get moving if we’re going to pick upEugene .† She dragged the other girl behind her like the tail of a comet. Her mother followed, calling worriedly about breakfast. â€Å"Give us something to take with us. Where’s that old black coat I never wore? The fancy one you got me for church. Never mind, I found it.† In three minutes she and Amy were on the porch. â€Å"Wait,† Gillian said. She fished through the black canvas bag she was carrying in place of a backpack and came up with a small compact and a tube of lipstick. â€Å"I almost forgot.† She put on the lipstick. It was red, not orange-red or blue-red, but red red, the color of holly berries or Christmas ribbon. That shiny, too. It made her lips look fuller, somehow, almost pouty. Gillian pursed her lips, considered her image, then kissed the compact mirror lightly and snapped it shut. Amy was staring again. â€Å"Gillian†¦ what is going on? What’s happened to you?† â€Å"Come on, we’re going to be late.† ‘The outfit just makes you look like you’re going out to burgle something, but that lipstick makes you look†¦ bad. Like a girl with a reputation.† â€Å"Good.† â€Å"Gillian! You’re scaring me. There’s something-† She caught Gillian’s arm and peered into her eyes. â€Å"Something about you-around you- oh, I don’t know what I’m talking about! But it’s different and it’s dark and it’s not good.† She was so genuinely shaken that for a moment Gillian was frightened herself. A quick stab of fear like the flick of a knife in her stomach. Amy was neurotic, sure, but she wasn’t the type to hallucinate. What if- (Angel-) A horn honked. Startled, Gillian turned. Right at the edge of the driveway, behind Amy’s Geo, was a somewhat battered but still proud tan Mustang. A dark head was sticking out the window. â€Å"Standing me up?† David Blackburn called. â€Å"What-is-that?† Amy breathed. Gillian waved to David-after a sharp nudge from Angel. â€Å"I think it’s called a car,† she said to Amy. â€Å"I forgot. He said he’d drive me to school. So-I guess I should go with him. See you!† It only made sense to go with David; after all, he had asked first. Besides, Amy’s driving was life threatening; she sped like a maniac and wove all over the road because she couldn’t see without her glasses. It should have been satisfying. After all, yesterday Amy had stood her up for a guy-and a guy like Eugene Elfred. But right this moment Gillian was too scared to be smug. This was it. David was going to see her new self. And it was all happening too fast. (Angel, what if I faint? What if I throw up? That’s going to make a great first impression, isn’t it?) (Keep breathing, kid. Breathe. Breathe. Not that fast. Now smile.) Gillian couldn’t quite manage a smile as she opened the car door. Suddenly she felt exposed. What if David thought she was cheap or even freakish? Like a little girl dressed up in her mom’s clothes? And her hair-all at once she remembered how David had touched it yesterday. What if he hated it? Trying to breathe, she slipped into the car. Her coat came open as she sat down. She could hardly make herself look toward the driver’s seat. But when she did, her breath stopped completely. David was wearing a look that she’d never seen on any guy’s face before, at least not directed toward her. She’d seen it, occasionally, when guys were looking at other girls, girls at school like Steffi Lockhart or J.Z. Oberlin. A stricken gaze, a compulsive movement of the throat, an expression that almost made you sorry for them. An â€Å"I’m lying down and I don’t care if you walk on me, babe,† expression. David was looking at her that way. Immediately all her fear, including the little stab induced by Amy, was swept away. Her heart was still pounding and little waves of adrenaline were still going through her, but now what it felt like was excitement. Heady, buoyant anticipation. As if she had started on the roller coaster ride of her life. David actually had to shake himself before he remembered to put the car in gear. And then he kept sneaking glances at her out of the side of his eye. â€Å"You did something to your†¦ and your†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He made a vague motion near his own head. Gillian’s gaze was caught by his hand, which was strong, brown, long-fingered, and handsome. â€Å"Yeah, I cut my hair,† she said. She meant to sound careless and sophisticated, but it came out shaky, with a little laugh at the end. She tried again. â€Å"I figured I didn’t want to look too young.† â€Å"Ouch.† He made a face. â€Å"That’s my fault, isn’t it? You overheard that stuff yesterday. What Tanya and I said.† (Tell him you’ve been thinking of doing it for a while.) â€Å"Yeah, but I’ve been thinking of doing it for a while now,† Gillian said. â€Å"It’s no big deal.† David glanced at her as if to say he disagreed with that. But it wasn’t a disapproving glance. It was more like electrified awe†¦ and a sort of discovery that seemed to grow every time he looked at her. â€Å"And I never saw you at school?† he muttered. â€Å"I must’ve been blind.† â€Å"Sorry?† â€Å"No, nothing. I’m sorry.† He drove in silence for a while. Gillian forced herself to stare out the window and realized they were onHillcrest Road . Strange how different the landscape looked today. Yesterday it had been lonely and desolate; this morning it seemed harmless, and the snow looked soft and comfortable, like old cushions. â€Å"Listen,† David said abruptly. He broke off and shook his head. And then he did something that absolutely amazed Gillian. He pulled the car to the side of the road-or at least as far to the side as he could get it-they were still in the flow of traffic-and parked it. â€Å"There’s something I have to say.† Gillian’s heart now seemed to be beating everywhere, in her throat and her fingertips and her ears. She had a dreamlike sensation that her body wasn’t solid anymore, that she was just a floating mass of heartbeat. Her vision shimmered. She was†¦ waiting. But what David said was unexpected. â€Å"Do you remember the first time we met?† â€Å"I-yes.† Of course she did. Four years ago; she’d been twelve and tiny for her age. She’d been lying on the ground beside her house, making snow angels. Kind of childish, sure, but in those days a stretch of new snow had affected her that way. And while she was lying on her back, arms out, making the imprint of the angel’s wings, a tree branch above her decided to shrug off its load of snow. Suddenly her face was covered in damp, closely packed coldness and she couldn’t breathe. She came up spluttering and gasping. And found herself steadied. Something was holding her, wiping her face gently. The first thing she saw when she got her vision back was a brown hand and a lean brown wrist. Then a face came into focus: high strong bones and dark, mischievous eyes. â€Å"I’m David Blackburn. I just moved in over there,† the boy said. He was wiping her face with his fingers. â€Å"You’d better be careful, snow princess. Next time I might not be around.† Looking up at him, Gillian had felt her heart explode and leak out of her chest. And she’d walked away on air, even though he’d patted her head after releasing her. She was in love. â€Å"Well, back then, I sort of got the wrong impression,† David was saying. â€Å"I thought you were a lot younger and more-well, more fragile than you are.† There was a pause, and then he said wonder-ingly, not quite looking at her, â€Å"But, it’s like, there’s so much more to you. I started realizing that yesterday.† Gillian understood. David didn’t have a reputation for being wild for nothing. He liked girls who were bold, dashing, out there. If he were a knight, he wouldn’t fall in love with the pampered princess back at the castle. He’d fall in love with a female knight, or maybe a robber, somebody who could share the Adventure with him, who’d be just as tough as he-was. Of course he had a strong protective streak. That was why he rescued maidens in distress. But he didn’t go for the maidens who needed rescuing. â€Å"And now,† David was saying, â€Å"Now, I mean, you’re †¦Ã¢â‚¬  He held his hands up in a whoa motion. He wasn’t looking at her at all. In a moment of perfect bliss, Gillian thought, I’m cool. â€Å"You’re kind of incredible,† David said. â€Å"And I feel really stupid for not noticing that before.† Gillian couldn’t breathe. There was something between her and David-a kind of quivering electricity. The air was so thick with it that she felt pressure all over her. She had never been so awake before, but at the same time she felt as if most of the world was insubstantial. Only she and David were real. And the voice in her head seemed very far away. (Uh, dragonfly, we’ve got company. Incoming.) Gillian couldn’t move. A car drove by, swerving to avoid the Mustang. Gillian couldn’t see well through the Mustang’s steamed-up windows, but she thought faces were looking at her. David didn’t seem to notice the car at all. He was still staring at the gearshift, and when he spoke his voice was very quiet. â€Å"So I guess what I’m saying is, I’m sorry if anything I said hurt your feelings. And-I see you now.† He raised his head. And Gillian suddenly realized he was going to kiss her. How to cite Night World : Dark Angel Chapter 6, Essay examples

Tim OBriens The Things They Carried Eating Them Away Essays

Tim O'Brien's The Things They Carried Eating Them Away For young people, the Vietnam War is a thing of the past and they can only learn about it from second hand sources. In Tim O'brien's The Things They Carried, it becomes very apparent that the Vietnam conflict has proved to be one that many of the participants have not been able move away from, while getting on with their lives. O?brien shows that the conflict takes on a parasitic form that eats away on its victims for the rest of their lives. A parasite is defined as an organism that grows, feeds, and is sheltered on or in a different organism while harming its host. The war in this case takes the place of the organism, and the host becomes the soldiers. There are several examples of the parasitic nature of war through out the book. In one particular section, Tim O'Brien returns to Vietnam with his daughter. Twenty years had gone by, but it seems as though all of his thoughts are geared back to the time he had spent in the jungle so long before. The two of them travel all over the country, but before their departure, he returns to the field where he feels he lost everything. On this list he includes his honor, his best friend, and all faith in himself. For O'Brien, evidence of the parasite is not solely in his return Vietnam, but rather a constant personal preoccupation that seems to flow through the collection of stories. O'Brien shows how the memories of the war take on a parasitic form, and uses himself as an example. In the chapter ?Speaking of Courage?, O'Brien introduces a character by the name of Norman Bowker. In the story Norman finds him self home after serving his time in Vietnam. Even though he is back in his home town, things do not seem the same to him. The was seems to have put a new spin on his life. Most of the story he spends driving in circles while thinking about the war and his lack of place in his old society. The war becomes his whole life, and he feels as though he is to far distant from the town people for them to understand. The reader then finds out that Bowker commits suicide because the parasitic affect of his memories became to much for him to handle. There is another section in the book where a man named Jimmy Cross comes to visit O'Brien after the war. They talk of experiences and hardships, then it becomes apparent Cross has also been unable to totally move on with his life. There are still secrets, and they still weigh heavy on his mind even during his his every day civilian life. O'Brien never complains about these problems, but it is clear the they bother him a great deal. There are countless themes in this book, but one of the major ones is the after effects the war had and still has on the men that were there. It is clear from O'Brien's writing on Cross, Bowker, and himself is more than just story telling. In using these people he attempts to show what the war has done to the population of soldiers that participated in the conflict.

How to Share Customer Success Stories With Leila King [PODCAST]

How to Share Customer Success Stories With Leila King [PODCAST] Storytelling is one way to grow your business. It piques the interest of potential customers, draws them in, and is sometimes the catalyst that converts interest into a sale. You probably have your own story to tell, but you also likely have the stories of others that could hold an important position on your website. Today we are talking to Lelia King, the communications director at The Iron Yard, a software development school for adults. Lelia knows how to collaborate with others to find the stories that will inspire people to sign up for the programs. You can learn to harness the power of social proof to help your potential clients envision themselves finding success just like others have done. This is one episode you are not going to want to miss. The story behind The Iron Yard, who makes up the team, and what Lelia does there. The planning process when coming up with a lot of content with a relatively small team, as well as how Lelia uses scheduling to ensure that there is a variety of content available. How the Iron Yard team weaves newsworthy and time-sensitive content into a schedule that has already been planned out. Why agility is such an important part of a marketing strategy. Why it’s important for The Iron Yard to share student stories and how stories help others envision themselves in those students’ shoes. Tips on finding the stories that you want to include on your website or in your advertising materials. The process that Lelia uses when it comes to storytelling and why sometimes a framework or formula does not work. Lelia’s best advice for someone who wants to start incorporating customer storytelling into their marketing strategy. Links: Lelia King The Iron Yard Yes We Code Slack Feedly Asana Jobs to Be Done If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Leila: â€Å"It’s important really for anyone’s marketing strategy to be really flexible when it comes to creating and sharing content because you just never know when something’s going to come up.† â€Å"People see themselves in stories Humans are essentially storytelling animals and stories help to make sense of the world and help us figure out who we are.† â€Å"The beauty of storytelling is that there are tons of different ways to capture stories.†

The Power of Story - A Game for Adult Students

The Power of Story - A Game for Adult Students Ideal Size Up to 20. Divide larger groups. Use For Introductions in the classroom or at a meeting where the topic would be enriched by the sharing of personal stories. This exercise gives everyone a chance to share their story  and helps you manage storytelling later. Time Needed Depends on the number of people and the time you allow for personal stories. Materials Needed Nothing, but you must communicate with participants beforehand. They will need to bring a personal item related to your topic. Instructions Send your students an email or letter prior to their arrival at your class or meeting and ask them to bring a personal item that is somehow related to the topic you will be discussing. When it’s time for students to introduce themselves, explain that you want to recognize and honor the life experiences and wisdom they bring to your classroom. Ask them to give their name, present the item they brought, and, in a minute or two, tell the group the story behind that item. Why did they choose it?What special memory does it elicit for them?What is its significance given your topic? Debrief Ask for a few volunteers to share any surprises they experienced as people shared their stories. Did anyone’s item and story cause them to think differently about your topic? The Heros Journey is so important in the understanding of story. Make sure your students are familiar with its elements.

An application of Electromagnetics Theory (see directions) Research Paper - 1

An application of Electromagnetics Theory (see directions) - Research Paper Example In the overview of the EMF applications, the main aim of this paper is to analyze the manner in which the electromagnetic theory has been applied and some of the benefits and disadvantages of its use. The analysis will also focus on its application for instance in the case of the low 3d frequency electromagnetic modeling of the human eye with elemental boundaries that are applicable to the (CK) conductive keratoplasty (Lindebaum 298). The surgical technique (CK) Conductive keratoplas is an example of an application that utilizes the electromagnetic theory. It entails a process where the cornea is penetrated by the use of a thin electrode that sends radio-frequency pulse energy to the environs surrounding the tissues in the eye. The heat energy from the electromagnetic is then dispelled into the tissues, which not only tighten thermally but also shrink the lamellae collagen. This process allows the doctors to cure common eye diseases like astigmatism and far-sightedness and correct the cornea’s shape (Itin 3361). A much more technical description of the CK process would include; it being understood from the perspective that biological tissue all have different permatives and conductives and due to this aspect the exposure of biological tissues to low intensity systems and high voltages should be preferably don in such electrical fields. Therefore, low frequency electromagnetic field calculations require boundary element method (BEM) and macroscopic Maxwell equations in their applications, which will later be used to solve the electric problem in the eye (Wolpe 388). Combination of discontinuous and continuous collocations nodes can be used where there are possible potentials that will have to be attached and assigned to the nodes continuously and the discontinuous nodes can be attached and assigned to the electric fields. Through this, there

High School Sports Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

High School Sports - Research Paper Example This assignment is actually aims at assembling an essay using appropriate resources, formats and tools and using sufficient supporting evidence to convey our message to our readers. According to the Longman Writer: rhetoric, reader and handbook (Judith Nadell, John Langan, Eliza Comodromos, 2005), the supporting evidence is at the heart of effective writing. Without it essays lack energy and fail to project the writer’s voice of perspective. In other words supporting evidence is like red bull, it gives the essay wings. Sports have become an integral part of high school. It is important as it adds to the physical development of the students. Participating in activities actually prepares them to be athletes in the near future if they so desire. However, as expected competitive Sports like any other widely discussed topic have positive and negative aspects. Sports boost school spirit among students and the thrill of having the support of the entire student body builds confidence for the athletes especially if they support their team through thick and thin. Also for students with low self-esteem, the best thing to do is to encourage them to take part in a sport. Therefore sports build self-esteem, not to mention it’s good physical activities. In addition, students who are involved in sports learn life-long skills that may be transferred into their chosen career path - skills such as team work, communication and time management skills. With benefits like that, it is hard to only pin-point the negatives. It is understandable that negativities will be associated with it. However, with the correct guidance of families and coaches, athletes will stay on the right track and not fall into the negativities associated with the sport. With reference to Bissinger’s article ‘Innocents Afield’, which spoke about high school sports, Bissinger addressed only the negative aspects associated with the topic. He criticized the millions

Utilization And Case Management At A Hospital

Utilization And Case Management At A Hospital Sierra View District Hospitals (SVDH) utilization review (UR) process originates in the Case Management (CM) department. They are responsible for the case review and obtaining social services for those patients in need of services. This paper will describe how this process works and how SVDH compares to another facilitys UR structure. There will also be a discussion about the weaknesses of the SVDH program. Utilization Management at SVDH The CM department is responsible for the UR process at SVDH. This department, which has 13 employees, is staffed as follows: four Case Managers; two licensed clinical social workers; four social services worker; a Department Analyst; and a Wound Care Specialist. An Administrative Director oversees the department. The CM department follows a Utilization Review Plan (Appendix A) which establishes how the CM department will review cases and address potential discrepancies from established best practice guidelines like McKessons InterQual Criteria (McKesson, 2010). The four Case Managers are to conduct concurrent reviews on all Medicare admissions. They evaluate the patient chart and documentation to ensure the correct medical care status of Inpatient or Observation Services is assigned to the patient. If the patient is assigned the correct status then the Case Manager will flag the case for review in three to four days to ensure the status of the patient has not changed to such a degree that either a higher or lower service level is required. If that is the case, the manager will contact the primary care physician and seek an order changing the service level. If the physician does not agree, and the documentation in the case ceases to support the current level of care, the case manager will forw ard the case to the physician advisor for review. If the physician advisor agrees that a new level of care is called for then he/she will contact the physician to seek further clarification as to why the patient needs continued services at the current level. Depending on this conversation, there are four possible outcomes for the patient status. One, the patient status will remain at the current level of care because the initial physician has informed the physician advisor of extenuating circumstances regarding the case. Two, the physician will agree to the conversion of the patient status to either a higher or lower level of care. Three, the physician will not agree with the physician advisor, and the advisor will refer the case for the UR committee for a panel decision, which can overrule the original physician; or Four, the patient can be discharged from the hospital. While Case Managers are working the UR of a patient, the Social Workers are concerned about any after-care the patient may require. The Case Managers and Social Workers work together to come up with a discharge plan beginning on the first day of admission. The Social Workers make sure the patients have all the contact information they may need once discharged, and the Case Managers work to ensure placement of the patient in an extended recovery care facility if needed. SVDHs UR Program Compared to Other Hospitals SVDHs UR program is comparable to that of Jewish Hospital (St. Louis). Prior to 1985, the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) reimbursed hospitals for services rendered. Due to increasing costs to the Medicare Trust Fund, the Diagnostic Related Group (DRG) system was developed to reimburse hospitals based on what the average cost of a particular surgery. UR programs at both hospitals began to change to meet the new challenges instituted by CMS. Utilization Review became Case Management at SVDH, while Jewish Hospital named their program Case Coordination. The staff members at both facilities became more involved in complete patient care, from admission to post-discharge. SVDH experienced the same growing pains that Jewish Hospital did when Observation Services became a new cost savings service line instituted by CMS. The next challenge arose in 1990, when quality initiatives arose. These initiatives have only increased since that time, with the establishment of Quality Initiative Organizations (QIO). The QIOs review hospital data and report results back to CMS. The goal of these organizations is to locate services that do not meet their (CMS) standards. When found the QIO will deny payment for the services. While Jewish Hospital attempts to complete a 100% review for quality indicators on all cases, either concurrent or retrospective, SVDH chose to focus 100% on Core Measure cases only. While Jewish Hospital might be ensuring that all cases have a minimum standard of quality, SVDH complies with Joint Commission standards by only reviewing the Core Measure cases. Weakness of the Program There is a major weakness in the SVDH Case Management program, and it has been a weakness for some time. SVDH CM is not a 24/7/365 program. The Case Managers work Monday through Friday from eight to five. One Case Manager works from eight until noon on Saturday in the emergency room, but there is no coverage on Sunday. This means that the one Case Manager only reviews the cases that were admitted from Friday at 5:00 PM until 8:00 AM Saturday morning. If she has time she will also pick up any additional cases she can prior to leaving at noon, but there is no guarantee of that happening. The entire CM staff will review any cases not previously reviewed on Monday, if the patient is still in-house, or the case will undergo a retrospective review. This can cause continuing care problems for patients. An example of one of these problems recently occurred when a patient was not reviewed due to no CM personnel on staff on Friday evenings. The patient presented to the Emergency Room on Friday, and was subsequently placed in Observation Services at the hospital, This case was not reviewed by the weekend case manager. On Monday morning, the CM personnel started reviewing the Medicare admissions and saw this patient on the CM list. In reviewing the chart, the patient plainly met Inpatient criteria. The attending physician could not be contacted so the case was referred to the physician advisor, who agreed the patient should have been classified as Inpatient. The status was changed as of Monday morning. CMS guidelines state that a status can only be changed upon the presentation of an order, and at no point can an Observation Services case be converted to an Inpatient status retroactively. The patient needed additional therapeutic services that would be provided in a long term care facil ity, but CMS guidelines state that Medicare will only pay for those services if the patient has had a qualifying Inpatient stay in a hospital for a minimum of three calendar days (Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services, 2009). Since this patients status converted to Inpatient on Monday morning, the time spent in the hospital from Friday until conversion on Monday did not count towards the qualifying stay. The quandary then is to either discharge the patient to the care facility without a qualifying stay, thereby making the patient responsible for the entire cost of the care, or keeping the patient in the hospital for an additional two days in order to meet the qualifying stay requirements. The obvious answer is to keep the patient in order for them to obtain the necessary time to earn the qualifying stay. This, however, places a bed out of circulation that could have been used by another patient, and might incur costs that do not meet reimbursement criteria for the hospital. Had a CM staff member been on duty Friday night, the case could have been caught earlier, and the qualifying stay could have begun on Friday instead of Monday. The major obstacle to hiring more Case Managers is, frankly, the cost of salaries. Any additional overhead costs are scrutinized closely in these times of shrinking reimbursements. Prior to bringing on new staff, in any area, the return on the investment is reviewed for a profitability margin. If a profit margin cannot be realized then the likelihood of incurring that additional expense is small. Other projects that bring a greater profitability margin have taken priority over additional staff in the CM department. Conclusion The CM Department administers SVDHs UR program. The CM Department encompasses several different services, all dedicated to providing total care to the patient while in the hospital and post-discharge. SVDHs program mirrors common practices within the industry. Like Jewish Hospital (St. Louis), CM at SVDH has evolved and changed over the years to meet the new demands placed on it by regulatory agencies. The CM Department constantly works with physicians to ensure patients receive the appropriate level of care based on physician documentation and InterQual guidelines. The major weakness in the CM program at SVDH is that it is not a 24/7/365 department. This flaw sometimes places the continuum of care for the patient at odds with the regulatory guidelines, and SVDH has to forego reimbursement for services in exchange for better overall patient care and patient financial security.

International Language Essay

Across 294 countries in the world, there are about 6,500 languages are commonly using in the daily life. The domination of English has been proved as an international language all across with the coming of globalization in future, English is the language of diplomacy and international communications for the use of business, tourism, education, science, computer technology, media, Internet and etc. Without language, all the things couldn’t happen and stay in place like today. People nowadays who stand in the marketplace ordinarily using English as an international language for the purpose of fulfilling communicative needs, a common language to facilitate trade and communication seems unavoidable. Some people think that globalization will become a big threat to the national, cultural and even religious identities as using only a single language and ultimatum to the development of a country. Posses single language may lead to cultural corrosion, a loss of local linguistic knowledge, and mainly will cause to losing of own language which is the carrier of all their cultural values identity is the first thought of conservative minded while they firstly expose to the word of globalization. However, in my opinion, it is possible to use an official international language and still retain theirs own languages with their own cultures values identity. I presented to support that having a single language as an international official language not only provides the opportunities for social mobility and modernity but also removes the probability of losing the national language the carrier of identity by helping people to be identified to the whole world as they are given voices. It is getting involved in international interactions and communications is required. Therefore, to be an active participant in globalized relations, it is necessary to adopt the international language. Using an international language provides opportunities for people to make contributions to the formation and development of that language to lead to scientific and cultural independence. Language is only the instrument of communication for people around the world. Many countries had been adapted to the cultural with an official language or languages. In any country where there are innumerable languages spoken, there is a need for official languages to ensure the flow of communication between different sections of the population and the different states. Above all, international language is important as a common language for people, without language, there will be absence of interaction between people, while there will be a link occurred to no communication to no trading and etc. It’s also important in every aspect for the world. Nowadays, English is considered the universal language for business, international communications, entertainment, tourism, trade and technology. The majority of all resources on the internet are all in English, affecting people to learn English to take full advantage of it. More important, learning English is significant for human to being able for information exchange and connecting to others. In the prevalent globalization there is no doubt that an international language is unavoidability. While trading a business, language is playing an important role of people, if human found difficult in the activation of a common in language spoken, they cannot trade in business. In this sense, not only is an international language inevitable, but also a necessary for trading, commerce and economic expansion by the turn of the century. The criticism to opposing the using of an international official language contends that it would lead to cultural corrosion and a loss of cultural values identity. However, the use of an international official language does not mean that their local languages will disappear. If English already functions as a kind of unofficial international language but this doesn’t mean that people only converse in using English or they ignore their own languages. English is used in specific contexts such as trade, business, etc. and native languages are used for everyday instruction.

Shortcuts to Ap English Lianguage and Composition Argument Essay Samples That Only the Pros Know

Shortcuts to Ap English Lianguage and Composition Argument Essay Samples That Only the Pros Know In writing a composition or an essay, it's crucial to know your examiners won't only take a look at your content but in addition look at important things like your grammar, punctuation, and your style of writing. So far as the students are involved, writing a research paper is among the toughest and frustrating endeavor in their opinion. Therefore, many students and employees decide to acquire cheap essay rather than writing it themselves. If you would like to track your scores, you can earn a totally free account with Varsity Tutors, but it's not essential in order to access the quizzes. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline. It is also necessary for students as soon as it comes to English Language examinations. Likewise don't forget that every student differs and creative approaches may also be highly beneficial. Ap English Lianguage and Composition Argument Essay Samples Help! If you're attempting to refute the argument, you're discover the weakest spots there. When picking a definition, bear in mind that there are plenty of kinds of ethical arguments and that the manner in which you argue for your specific claim depends in large part on how you define your terms. Quite simply, an ethical argument tries to prove that a particular issue is either morally right or wrong. Thus, don't be scared to devote some time crafting that argument. For instance, if you're writing an essay on How Global Warming can be decreased, it is going to be an excellent idea which you take a minute to define what global warming is about in your introductory paragraph. Additionally, by arguing for the other side of your opinion, you are going to learn which points you will need to better address in your essay. If you can't determine what the question is, return and reread the prompt. Tie every claim you make to a bit of evidence to make sure the ideal essay possible. Top Choices of Ap English Lianguage and Composition Argument Essay Samples Ensure you articulate a very clear position in your paper and that you adhere to it from beginning to finish. AP instructors get a score sheet showing the individual score for every one of their students, and some score info and national averages. In case you have access to multiple practice tests, it's possible to even take complete tests at various times in the studying procedure to observe how you've improved and what you still should work on. As a writer, you have the choice of narrowing the reach of your paper. Choosing Ap English Lianguage and Composition Argument Essay Samples There's, naturally, a limit on the range of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. The cost of an essay rides on the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. When you plan your essay and jot down the points you're likely to go over in your draft, you are going to have lot of points to discuss. You'd probably be better off purchasing a well-reviewed review book with practice tests. What all you will need is getting the assistance from a specialist and EssaysChief is going to be the expert that you seek out. Let's say that you're writing an essay on The big causes of Road Accidents in your City, it's obvious you're going to develop two or three points. Knowing the question you're answering is the main portion of AP writing. In addition, a customer may ask the writer to submit part of the job for review and, if needed, ask them to make corrections. It is possible to work on the prompt types that you locate the most difficult or practice outlining essays in a particular period of time, or writing all 3 essays in 120 minutes. Instead, you would like to analyze the essay and make certain your claim is supported. When you compose the essay, you have to choose one particular side to concentrate on. When you're writing an English essay, you have zero opportunity to verify your paper by another individual. A thesis is the principal argument of your essay. In English Language, compositions or essays actually are one of the most significant facets of the subject. An argumentative essay is a kind of essay that asks you to have a stand on a specific issue or idea, usually expressed in the shape of a quotation. You may be asked to compose English AP essay, History AP essay, Biology AP essay etc, regardless of what the topic is, you merely have to adhere to the provided tips. Facts, Fiction and Ap English Lianguage and Composition Argument Essay Samples Our life was not traditional though. A house without brick and mortar won't fall, but nevertheless, it won't be quite a good home to inhabit. Lengths of Pearl necklaces There's a unique vocabulary used to spell out the duration of pearl necklaces. The maximum point in the evolution of the plot is known as the climax. Secondly, needless to say, you require good English! When you have finished with your composition, it is rather impor tant you take an instant and read over what you have written. The Key to Successful Ap English Lianguage and Composition Argument Essay Samples From that point, you would attempt to demonstrate that the action which you're claiming to be unethical somehow violates that moral obligation. Mind-independent obligations are often known as objective obligations. You would then have to give an argument which demonstrates that a specific mind-independent moral obligation exists. You would have to first provide an argument for the presence of mind-independent moral obligations.

The Clash of Civilizations Free Essay Example, 1750 words

Another controversial observation of Huntington (1998, pp. 66) is that the population of Muslims is increasing significantly and their proportion in the world population would ensure their domination of the world. The major clash that Huntington (1998, pp. 185) has foreseen is between the Eastern world led by China and the Muslim world for dominating the world. Further Islam is equated with orthodoxy and authoritarianism by Huntington (1998, pp. 126). The conclusions made by Huntington (1998) have invited both criticism and rave reviews. But his arguments have neglected the class equations and also the gender and sub-racial divides that exist within a race or a civilization. Overall his arguments can be called nothing but too deductive and one-sided. The making of a society or a civilization is a historical process and a complex interplay of multitudes of factors. The racial or religious aspect can counted as only one among the many. In particular, the notions of Huntington regarding the Muslim people have been reflective of a racial prejudice. The world’s Muslim population has never been a monolithic block as envisaged by Huntington (Gelvin, 2008, pp. 3). We will write a custom essay sample on The Clash of Civilizations or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now It has been aptly observed that â€Å"in the case of the Islamic civilization, †¦interests tied to particular states have repeatedly triumphed over Islamic or pan-Arabs segments† (as cited by Lubjuhn, 2010, pp. 7). And when Huntington says that â€Å"Islam has bloody borders†, what he means is that Muslims, as a civilization has been inherently violent in their nature because of certain characteristics of their religion. While making this comment, he is forgetting the blood that has been shed and lives been lost in the crusades, in the Vietnam war, in Hiroshima and recently in the war against terrorism by the West. Compared to that, the blood shed by Islam has been far more less (Little and Wickham-Jones, 2000, pp. 56). Huntington (1998, pp. 20) has used the terminology, â€Å"fault line conflicts†, to describe the so called inter-civilizational clashes happening between adjacent states belonging to two different civilizations and also inside states where populations from two different civilizations co-exist. He has termed these fault line conflicts as the most dangerous of all kinds of conflicts and has predicted that these fault lines would become â€Å"the central lines of conflict in global politics† (Huntington, 1998, pp. 125). The major fault line in the world as drawn by Huntington is between Islam and the West but this approach has been described as erratic by scholars like Milton-Edwards (2004, pp. 99).

Bilbo Baggins; Zero to Hero - 1313 Words

How does one define a â€Å"hero?† By classic definition, a hero is a man of great strength, valor and swordsmanship who fights evil even in the face of insurmountable odds to defend the lives of the innocent and those that can’t protect themselves. Indeed it is these very attributes which separate heroes from the common man. However, the word â€Å"hero† takes an entirely different connotation in J.R.R. Tolkien’s epic tale The Hobbit, in which the hero of the story is a furry-footed, complacent, hole dwelling hobbit named Bilbo Baggins. At first glance, Bilbo is very much the â€Å"un-hero† and more like an everyday average person than a hero. Unlike the classic definition of a hero, Bilbo’s strength is not measured by the might of his sword (though†¦show more content†¦While walking down the tunnel towards the dragon, Bilbo hears the great beast snoring. â€Å"Going on from there was the bravest thing he ever did. The tremendous t hings that happened afterwards were as nothing compared to it. He fought the real battle in the tunnel alone, before he ever saw the vast danger that lay in wait.† (214) It is because of Bilbo’s courage that he is able to conquer the greatest fear of all – the unknown. Bilbo’s willingness to persevere given the choice between certain doom and ending his journey and turning around is what separates Bilbo Baggins from the common man and is what defines him as a true hero. Loyalty is Bilbo’s greatest strength and the linchpin of his heroism. His un-yielding commitment to his friends and staunch sense of selflessness is what elevates Bilbo to a level purely reserved for heroes. This act of heroism is manifested throughout the book. From his rescuing of the dwarves from the savage spiders of Mirkwood, to his aid and abetment in rescuing the dwarves from an eternal imprisonment in the cave of the Wood-Elves, Bilbo remains loyal to his friends. However, Bi lbo’s greatest test of loyalty is his handing over of the Arkenstone to Bard on the eve of â€Å"the Battle of Five Armies.†Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Bilbo Baggins s The Hobbit 1616 Words   |  7 PagesBilbo Baggins is one of the main characters of J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Hobbit. Being a main character in a story, especially an adventure story, typically comes with some pretty hefty responsibilities. More often than not, the main character is also the hero. A hero is defined as â€Å"a person, typically a man, who is admired or idealized for courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities,† and these are not necessarily qualities readily attributed to Bilbo Baggins (oxforddictionaries.com). This

Educational Aspiration of Primary School Child Free Essays

string(68) " Kerala holds the highest literacy level where Bihar is the lowest\." We would like to express our sincere thanks towards all those people who have helped us in our theme report with their invaluable suggestions from time to time. We would like to thank our theme guide Prof. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Educational Aspiration of Primary School Child or any similar topic only for you Order Now N. Biswas for guiding us all the way and providing useful inputs from time to time.Without his guidance and sincere efforts alongside us, this report would not have seen light of the day. We would also like to thanks the govt. agencies in our respective states and at village level for providing us with the data required for the report and cooperating with us. Finally last but not the least, all the parents, teachers and the primary level students who helped us with our interviews and questionnaires by providing us the information have contributed in an inexpressible way in the completion of this report and letting us get a comparative analysis of the primary education system and factors affecting them across states.The topic Educational aspirations of rural India deals with studying the aspirations of the rural children and trying to focus on the various factors that affect the aspirations of the children in some way or the other. Five of us had gone to five different states in India with the aim of studying the aspirations of the rural children of that region and then trying to find out the factors that really contribute towards them.The reason for selecting this particular topic was that we were given a choice of our own to explore any field we want. We were all interested in knowing more about the rural youths and their aspirations. T o try to know what is the difference between the kids from a rural India and since we some of us had lived and had our education in rural India we wanted to go back and explore the changes that have come in the society if any. Our curiousness towards the education system and to know where the future of India sees itself made us choose this topic. Initially we all were thinking individually on the topic but once we knew about our similar interest, we tried coming up with a topic in the field that excites us all and finally we chose this topic. Also one more reason for choosing this topic was that few of us were going to really backward states and some of us were going to the states with the best educational services. So in a way we were getting the opportunity to study across states and come up with our findings of the reasons of particular aspirations in particular regions and how these are affected in different societies.The topic in our view holds quite an importance in today’s time as learning about the primary kids of the rural India gives us a glimpse into what the future might hold in for them and also for the nation. Since children of today are the future of tomorrow so knowing their aspirations, factors affecting them can certainly help in making changes that can lead the society and the nation towards a better future. The five of us had gone to five different states namely Bihar, Odisha, Haryana, Kerala and Uttarakhand.The comparative study in the later part of the report talks about the status of primary education across these states along with the factors affecting them. 2. OBJECTIVES * To develop an understanding of the educational aspirations of the primary level children in rural India. * Trying to understand the various factors that play an important role in affecting the aspirations of the primary level children. * To do the comparative analysis across 5 different states under a common platform and identify common issues and problems. 3. STATUS OF PRIMARY EDUCATION IN INDIAEducation is important not only for the growth of an individual but also for the nation as a whole. Primary education has been the foundation on which the development of every individual as well as the nation depends. But making primary education available to everyone has been a major issue and along with this making quality primary education available has all been more problematic for the state. But in the past few years, India has shown tremendous growth in the literacy levels and achievements in providing successfully education to all at the primary level. Various govt. chemes are being implemented in different states that have resulted in providing assistance as well as incentives to the children to come to school and study. Right of children to free and compulsory education bill was passed in 2008. Special schemes for the underprivileged sections of the society are being implemented. 3. 1 Govt. schemes Different govt. schemes are being implemented in various states across India at the primary level. Some of them are: * Mid Day Meal Scheme (MDMS): MDMS is a scheme that was launched as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme in 1995.This programme ensures provision of cooked mid day meal to children studying at elementary level at govt. , local body or govt. aided schools. * Cycle distribution: Another scheme in Bihar where a cycle is distributed to the children†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. * Scholarships for EWS: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. * SSA: Sarva Siksha Abhiyan meaning education for all is another one of the many govt. schemes that aims at providing education to all. This program aims to universalize elementary education by community ownership of the school system. This program also provides an opportunity for improving human capabilities to all children. Education Guarantee Scheme: This is one of the components of SSA aimed at providing education to the children. 3. 2 Literacy level The literacy level has been on a rise in India with the latest census report stating the literacy rate of our country to be 68% in 2007. This is a substantial increase from 12% at the time of independence and is commendable since the population is also growing at an abrupt pace. Among the Indian states Kerala holds the highest literacy level where Bihar is the lowest. You read "Educational Aspiration of Primary School Child" in category "Papers" This also accounted for an interesting study as these were the 2 of 5 states being covered.The adult literacy rate was 66% in 2007 whereas the youth literacy rate was 82% in 2001. 4. METHOD OF STUDY * Structured and unstructured interviews: One of the techniques used by us for getting information was structured and unstructured interviews. Many a times, going with questionnaires in our hands raised doubts in the minds of the people, so to avoid that we started with informal chats and then went on with the topic. * Questionnaires: Questionnaires were a means of getting information especially from the primary teachers and the village level authorities. Household interviews were also conducted based on the questionnaires. Emoticon analysis: For the children of primary level it is many a time difficult to ask questions and get the answers. Also they identify more easily with the visual aids rather than talking, so for a part of our questions to the primary children, we had a set of emoticons for them and they had to choose the answer based on the emoticons. These emoticons basically expressed their feelings and moods at different points of time. * FGDs: FGDs were conducted among teachers so that we can come to know their view points on the current education system and the factors affecting the level of primary education. Observations: Also observing was one of our main methods of studying about the village and also what the kids do in the school during their breaks and the classes. 5. CHALLENGES FACED There were many challenges faced by us during the work we were carrying out on the theme paper. Many a times the teachers were suspicious as to why we are doing this work and why do we want to know about them and the education there from the kids? Initially most of our time went in explaining our field work objectives and our reasons to be there.Getting information from the kids was one major challenging task as most of them were very shy and it really took great effort to get things out of them and that too correct information. Also a major challenge faced was that many lower caste families who didn’t send their children to primary schools showed no interest in talking on this topic to us. It was hard for us to convince them to talk to us. Language was one more challenge that was faced especially in Odisha. Few of the people in Uttarakhand too, especially women talked in the local Jaunsar language that made things difficult to interpret. . STATEWISE DATA All of us had gone to different states viz. Bihar, Odisha, Haryana, Kerala and Uttarakhand. Following is a brief description of the villages that we had gone to along with some of the information about our villages and the level of primary education there, along with the factors affecting them in our respective villages. The comparative analysis across states shows the factors affecting the aspirations of the primary level children and how they differ in different societies. 6. 1 BIHAR Literacy rate of Bihar: 47. 53% Literacy rate of Samastipur: 45. 76% Male: 57. 83%Female: 32. 69% Educational programmes going in Bihar: 1). Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA) 2). National programme for Education of Girls at Primary Level (NPEGEL) 3). Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV) 4). School Sanitation and Hygiene Education Programme (SSHE) Literacy rate of Muhammadpur Kowari village: 42% Population of Muhammadpur Kowari village: 11,500 Income sources: Agriculture Laborer Business Rickshaw pulling Government and private service. Income level: Annual income ranged from Rs. 0,000 – 1, 50,000 per annum of the respondents. Education Infrastructure: 1) Anganwadis- 11 in no. 2) Government School- 5 in no. Primary-4 Middle- 1 High– Nil 3) Private School- 1 ( upto class 8) 4) LSC runned by AKRSP-22 Village had eleven Anganwadi centres which would impart learning to toddlers and preschoolers. There were five government primary schools out of which one was upgraded to the middle school. In addition to this there was one private school in village upto class 8th. For higher studies students had to go to Tajpur for class eighth upwards.Apart from this there were private schools at Pusa Road and Tajpur where students of better off families used to study. Muslim families preferred Madarasa education for their children in adjoining village Shahpur Baghauni. One can also find coaching centres mushrooming in and around the village where unemployed college graduates were taking classes and also private tuitions. We came to know that this mushrooming was due to ‘Haushla Afjaaayi Sceme’ of state government who would reward students promoted from class ninth to tenth and those who passed tenth board examination with first division marks.Parent would supplement government school education with private tuitions (Rs. 50-100 per student) and coaching for class eighth upwards. But this was not the case for poor who had higher dropout rates. Regarding this the role of AKRSP is worthwhile to mention that it ran Learning and Support Centre (LSC) in minority and dalit tolas which imparted free education at nominal fee of Rs. 10 per child per month for two hours in the morning at 22 centres. It was not considered as substitute for schools rather a complement to emphasize role and awareness regarding education.It attracted students from muslim community and dalits who could not afford high cost otherwise. Here education was more fun rather than drudgery unlike government schools. 6. 1. 1 Factors affecting primary education: a). Parents- Parents attitude and perception regarding the education determines the education and aspiration of children. This attitude and perception in turn is decided by the education of the parents, environment they live in, earnings, some past experiences and interest in child development.Muhammadpur Kowari village had 58% muslim population and 42% hindus of lower castes and their education level and income was very low. Mostly worked as farmers, laborers, and rickshaw pullers and migrated to other states and cities as land holding was less while family size was quite large. So they had a pressure to earn from the very beginning and hardly anyone was matriculate except few. Given the constraints they could not afford good education or think big and were reluctant as many had daughters to marry. Though fathers were not so optimistic regarding education of the child but mothers were very conscious and enthusiastic. Mostly the reply came they don’t want their children to suffer hardships as they had and education was the way to end misery by getting better jobs and lifestyle. Migrant workers that returned on Chhath and BakrId had exposure to outside world and emphasized the need of education and it was evident in their family. However there existed a disparity between spending on education of male and female child in financially sound or medium families whereas there was slight or no difference in poor families as both sexes went to same school and no access to tuitions or coachings or private school.The difference was owing to notion that male child would support family while girls are a liability. b). Teachers- Their qualification, training, apathy, absenteeism or engagement in other works( e. g. election duty, vaccination drives etc. ) proves to be a deciding factor in shaping the minds and thus aspirations of the children. The differentiation on basis of caste, religion or gender has very deleterious effect emotionally and psychologically. Such children develop low self esteem, unwantedness and develop bitterness.In this village when the teachers were interviewed regarding this topic they agreed the lack of staff s (4 teachers were for a middle school upto 8th standard) and hampering of studies due to other official works. Also, the teachers arrived late for the duty and could be seen chatting on the verandah and had no concerns what was going inside the classroom. The lack of trained teachers was felt as para teachers appointed to take classes were not qualified enough to take classes off higher standards. In 2 schools it was found that more than 1 class was going on in a single classroom and in 1 school had 2 rooms only so the classes were conducted under a thatched roof. It was common in many schools the student of class 6 had less learning what would have been otherwise obvious for class 4 reasons being the quality of teaching in government school. An incident was there when a teacher was asked in an informal conversation about aforesaid e. g. he told parents would come and quarrel that my child knows less than the ‘Y’ child and create nuisance so they had to pass all. As a result of this child would fare badly in high classes.Moreover the mismanagement of funds in midday meal scheme was brought in a notice in panchayat meeting. In another example when an Anganwadi staff was asked about the afternoon meal offered at anganwadi she told that out of Rs. 10,000 allocated Rs. 6000 would be shared among officer issuing the fund and the rest would serve the purpose naturally the quality will decline. c). Students- When the students were interviewed along with emoticons it was a real fun for them. However it was tried best to interview them post school so in front of teachers they would hesitate and could not express freely.Female students were interviewed in school only because of the conservative nature of the households and they used to come from far places. In schools as well as at LSCs the performance of girls was better than that of boys. The students had interest and had better result in mathematics but had poor performance in language paper. According to the survey it s because of 2 reasons- teaching was boring and teacher was usually absent, secondly many students had been taught in urdu at home and thus had difficulty in writing in hindi.When boys were asked about being absent from school they gave following reasons- going to relatives house ( as it was a festival time), helping father in fields( sowing time for tobacco and cauliflower), no teaching in school as many teachers were either absent or had taken leave after the election duty. Also, there were boys who came to school but did not attend classes as their peers were playing. However girls had a different reason as some of them had to look after their younger brother or sister while her mother went to work in fields while some of them accompanied their parents to pusa road market to sell vegetables.But surprisingly the attendance, interest and performance of the students were better at LSC because it incorporated rhymes, playthings, drawing and games period and more dynamic teachers. LSC had meeting with parents once a month, emphasized on curricular activities as well. It had organized ‘Bal Sabha’ (parent’s day) on 19th November which was a new experience for kids and more fun. d). School infrastructure- The debilitated conditions of government schools with leaky roofs, lack of drinking water and toilets is a discouraging factor for girl child enrollment and also absenteeism.Lack of teaching aids, text books, sports articles makes teaching learning process a monotonous act so a child tries different ways to escape school. Also, bullying by other boys or fear of corporeal punishment by teachers is a major cause of dropouts and absenteeism in these schools. All these were common in the village and absenteeism was more in rainy season as school had lessrooms or was leaky. One can imagine the scene of two classes commencing in a single room and learning of child in this environment. Moreover if there were any marriages around it was a practice to stay Baraat in the school so unofficially it was a kin of holiday. ). Economic condition of family- This factor was found to be the most important factor along with parent’s attitude and perception during the village stay. Now here are 4 cases- firstly the family was poor and wanted the child to continue study, secondly they wanted child to earn or assist in fields or do other works for livelihood, thirdly family was well off and could afford education and fourthly they wanted them to look after agriculture as land holding and agricultural income was more so they felt there is no need to study. It has been discussed in detail in parents section. f). Societal culture – It describes how the society affects parents and children thinking and feeling about education and what they aspire to become in future. At Muhammadpur Kowari the villagers were involved in agriculture and labor works mainly and were either illiterate or had very less formal education so they were less informed. They viewed education as a way to overcome poverty by seeking jobs such as teaching, police, army, government service etc. So any successful example of anyone getting such jobs was looked with respect and younger generation wanted to emulate his success.On the other hand many of the views that every educated man does not gets the government job so there is no use to study and wanted their child to engage in works. Another kind of thought that emerged was to seek benefit of schemes by enrolling child to school or to engage naughty children for few hours or the meal served in the afternoon at school. Many dalits had bitter experience of discrimination in the past and viewed education and ‘aspirations’ as privilege of upper class and caste and it would make no difference to their conditions. Muslims send their children to madarsa for education and by 14 years of age they dropped out to learn some tailoring or masonry works to earn bread and butter. Very few muslim households send their children to school and those belonging to Sheikhs and business class had tutors for their children. Home tutors were available for girl child because of parda system they were not going outside the village to study and after 8th standard they dropped out. However it was a matter of surprise that these girls when interviewed were happier and had no desire to study further and t had developed in their society as upper limit of girl education.. One more observation was that muslim family had no issues in sending their girl child to LSCs run by AKRSP because it was nearby or in their locality and mostly the female teachers were in that centres. Hence concern for security and parda system was guiding the aspirations. 6. 2 ODISHA Village:Badampada Block:Kaptipada District:Mayurbhanj State: Odisha 6. 2. 1 Village:Badampada: -The village Badampada is 60 kms from Baripada, the district head quarter of Mayurbhanj. It is around 8 km away from block head quarter, kaptipada.The place I visited is coming under tribal belt of Mayurbhanj. The Similipal reserve forest is near to our village. since the area is surrounded by the dense forest, people are more involved into NTFP collection from the jungle. Since the forest cover is depleting day by day, more people are diverted towards agriculture. Besides agriculture, some people depend on livestock. A very few people are salaried and a small fraction of the villagers are businessmen. The literacy rate of Orissa is 63. 08% (2001 census), while the literacy rate of the district is 52. 43%. The literacy rate of the district is not par with the state, because the tribe constitute 57. 67% of the total population of the state. Since there was very less tribal family in our village, literacy rate of the village is more than that of district i. e 60%. The various schemes are implemented by the state govt to attract the children to the school. The children in the primary school are provided Mid Day meal . The students are also text books, free of cost through District Primary Education Programme (DPEP). To improve the female literacy rate, the state Govt is providing school uniform to girls in the primary school.TheState govt. declared Rs 500 cr for Sarva Siksha Abhijan scheme . There is a primary school in the village, badampada which caters to the need of nearby villages like vaisnab sahi,Dhumkheta ,sisodia etc. Among them Vaisnab Sahi is the tribal dominated village. 6. 2. 2 Factors Affecting aspiration of the Children of Primary School * Parents- School students in the village are enthusiastic about education; however, parents are not very supportive. Most parents seem to think education as a meaningless practice without any real benefit.Most people in the village are from the working class, they force their children to help them in their work. I found major difference between Odiya and tribal families. While parents of Odiya family are very much enthusiastic to send their children to school, the case is opposite is in tribal families. * Teachers-The teachers play a vital role in the primary education. The teachers in the village show very little interest towards the education . I came to know, some teachers are involved in parallel business during school time. They do not work for the entire duration of their duty period and go home early.Another trick used by teachers is periodic presence by teachers (at a particular time one teacher remains present, while may be the remaining one is absent) . I am reliably informed that the school Head master was caught while stealing eggs which were provide for Mid day meal . * School Infrastructure- There is two class rooms and one office room in the primary school. So multiple classes are going on in one class room. The situation inside the class room is very much chaotic. It is very difficult on the part of the teacher to handle the multiple classes at a time.I have observed number children moving outside the classroom during school time. The teacher student ratio is 38 in the school. The school children are not getting books at the right time. No audio visual aid is provided to the school. * Economic status – The parents of the well off family send their children to English Medium School at Kaptipada. Due to poor economic status of the tribal household, they can’t afford the other facilities to their children during festival period; there is high absenteeism in the school in case of tribal students. Since they are not provided with any amusement in their home, they attend the fair without going to school. Some children help their household working in others firm to meet the day to day household consumption. * Societal Culture- Children imbibes from the society, surrounding them. Since, the parents are not much aware about the benefit of the education; they don’t motivate their children to attend the school. They are in favour of instant income. Children leave school in early age to earn money in tribal family. 6. 3 HARYANA Village : Gundiani Block : Mustafabad Tehsil : Jaghadhari District : Yamuna Nagar . 3. 1 Village: Gundiani: – A small village of population 494, located about 4 km away from a small town called Mustafabad, connected via road and rail routes. According to my fieldwork stay , village seems to be prosperous and it was supported by government data of BPL family number which was eight only out of total 68 households. Major income generating source of villagers is agriculture and apparently few villagers do have some business and services options as well which they have chosen over agriculture, even there are some instances of villagers going abroad for earning livelihood.Hence as the sources of income was varied so the income level was also have a varied range of about one lakh to 60 lakh per annum. Infrastructures related to education available in village boundaries were a government primary school, however within a 3 km radius of village one government higher secondary school, three private schools were located and school buses of 3-4 prominent private schools of which one include Delhi Public School, ply to the village for picking students. Literacy rate of Haryana is 67. 91 % ( 2006 data ), and that of the Yamuna nagar district is 72. 0 % ( 2006 data ) while that of village Gundiani was found to be 68. 81% ( 2010 data collected by Kamal amp; Sandeep). Well irrespective of all these infrastructure the literacy level of village was on not a brighter side as compared to overall state literacy level and on the lower side as compared to that of district. This can be attributed to the previous generation literacy as the thinking of previous generation was that they need to do agriculture only, so there is no need of education for that, hence this thinking pulled down the overall literacy level to lower side. . 3. 2 Factors affecting aspiration of primary school children: * Parents: They play the most important role as home is the building stone of the child’s life and in the home the family i. e parents play a vital role in aspiring the child for education. Educational qualification of parents is a major factor which shapes the thinking of parents towards education and future of their child. In village Gundiani, although the literacy level was low but still parents were conscious enough about education of their child.But they were not aware of future aspects and where to get this information. Parents just see other children from the village and their society and hence understand the importance of education and hence inspire high for the children. * Teachers: At primary level teachers influence the most the future of a child as they mold the mind of a child and hence inspire the actions of child towards life and education as well. In village Gundiani, in government primary school there were only two teachers and they were taking enough pain to work towards better future of students.They used to educated students regarding what they have to face in future if they don’t study well and always used to give examples of various other people from their village only so that children can easily relate them and can learn easily the importance of education. While in the private schools in nearby areas it was not so as the teachers employed by majority of schools were not well qualified, they were there to just teach from text books and were helping the children to understand the importance of education.But still the parents tend to send their child to a private school, the main reason behind this was that admitting your child to private school was seen as a status symbol in the village, and even few poor people used to send their child just to develop their status. Hence we can say that the teachers play a vital role developing the aspirations of a child at primary level. * School Infrastructure: This is one of the vital components affecting the aspiration of children and their perception towards education. In the village Gundiani the government school was having two class rooms and one room for mid day meal scheme meal preparation.There were six standards in the school but there were only two class rooms in each of which three consecutive standards were taught by teachers side by side. While in case of nearby private schools each standard was taught in different class room and enough teachers were available but the qualification of teachers was questionable to some extent. In the class rooms teaching aid were available in case of government schools while in some of the few private schools they were thinking of incorporating it. * Economic Status: Economic status of family matters a lot in case of the education provided to the child and ence in direct proportion affects the inspirations of the child as well parents towards education. As the family income largely determines the chances of a child getting education and its quality depending upon the schools to which children are sent. Ap art from the school the outside school education and facilities provided by parents according to their economic status like availing school bus so that child can go to far off better school and also time wastage in traveling can be minimized, availing private tuitions, better text books. Also better economic status of parents give a high confidence level to the child and in turn all the above factors highly influence the inspirations of child as well that of parents towards education of their child. * Societal culture: This section basically include the society and culture the village which highly affect the thinking of parents, teachers and in the end that of child. In society parents see the other children and then compare their child with others and hence try that their child also progress up to some benchmark set by them.Also availability of few role models in the village like few villagers have migrated to other big cities due to jobs and a few migrated foreign which proved to be role models for the parents of other children and hence they also wanted their child to prosper in life and get up to those positions. For this the parents were clearly aware that their child needs to be sent to school. Hence the societal cultures of the village influence significantly the inspiration of the parents in in turn that of the child. 6. 4 KERALA It is possible to say that the state of Kerala has a unique position in the education map of India with a literacy rate of 90. 2%. This rate is the highest in India according to 2001 census. Out of which literacy rate of men and women accounts to 94. 2% and 87. 86% respectively. Kerala became the first state in India to declare full literacy in one district called Ernakulam (1990). With the support of central government, government of Kerala launched a number of programmes in education sector. One of such programmes is â€Å"Akshara Keralam† introduced in 1991. It was aimed at bringing maximum number of illiterates to schools and other study centres. Apart from all these NGO interventions on education are also there in rural and backward areas of Kerala.In April1991 Kerala was declared as fully literate state by NLM (As per the norms of NLM, a literacy rate above 90 % shall be treated as complete literacy). Kerala topped the Education Development Index (EDI) among 21 major states in India in year 2006-2007. A report by NLM in 2007 states that Mizoram surpassed Kerala in literacy rate. SSA is also running well in Kerala. CDS, Trivandrum is monitoring the activities of SSA in Kerala. Kerala has made major achievements in school enrolment at the primary level and in preventing drop outs. Education providers in Kerala include both government and private parties.The percentage of private aided schools is considerably high. Government schools constitute 33% of total schools in Kerala. Education in these schools is completely free. Government aided private schools and fully private owned schools accounts to 45% and 22% respectively. Number of primary schools in Kerala is 6712(2551-govt, 4003-aided private, 158-unaided private) Education accounts for more than one third of the total revenue expenditure of the state. The per capita expenditure on education is the second highest among states in India. 6. 4. 1 Idukki District Profile Idukki is the high range district of Kerala.It is famous for its Mountainous Hills and Spices. This district occupies 13% of the area of Kerala. It can be said that for Keralites Idukki, means power generation also. About 66% of the state’s power needs come from the Hydroelectric Power Projects in Idukki. 88. 58% of the district population is literate. Male literacy rate (92%) is much higher compared to female literacy rate (85%). 6. 4. 2 Karunapuram Village Profile Karunapuram village comes under Udumbanchola taluka of Idukki and Nedumkandam block. It has a population of 26033 according to 2001 census. The major source of income is agriculture and allied activities.The literacy rate of this village is 87%. 40 Anganwadis are there. 6. 4. 3 Factors affecting the educational aspirations and their role in Karunapuram * Parents: – The role of parent is equally important besides that of teachers in imparting education. What I observed in my village is that irrespective of their education and financial level the parents are willing to send their children to schools, both to Malayalam and English medium schools. Most of the families told that they want their children to be well educated since they didn’t get the opportunities at their student life.They are even dreaming about their child’s future. . Most of the parents keep a part of their time in order to help their child in studies. They used to attend the PTA meeting every month. From that meeting and also through personal contacts they try to get feedback about their children from teachers. In one particular aided private school the PTA has decided to set up a theme based project for the parents to work out. In that the children will be given a particular theme every day and he/she should try to do the theme. Besides all these the parents are actively involved in encouraging the children in extracurricular activities.The cost of education in terms of text books, fees and uniform comes around an average of Rs. 400 per year per child. From the children (through emoticon and personal interview) I came to know that their parents help them in studies and they did not pressurize the child to go to the school. It’s because of the child’s interest they are going to school. Sometimes the children are scolded by parents if they get lesser grade in exams. Both the parents and children told that they used to discuss about the things that happened in school. * Teachers: – Teachers can be called as the second parent of the students.Children spend most of their time with teachers. Through interactive sessions the classes are taking. It is easy to teach the chapters after SSA has been introduced. I have studied in a government school and it was merely spoon feeding type of education. But I understood while sitting in class with students and teacher that now the learning is through doing only. No spoon feeding. According to teachers the children are interested in studies and coming to school. Of course there are exceptions. The children used to do the homework. Sometimes the students get small punishments.Participation in competitive events by children has improved over the years. In one particular school the teachers are involved in making new methods to improve the quality of education. One kind of such programme is to check through various ways that which is the most powerful sense of a child. Whether it is visual, auditory or a mixture of both. After this experiment with the help of parents the easy ways for a student to learn is charted out. Since for an effective education to happen the 3 elements of education need to be correlated. The elements are students, parents and teachers. There was a gap initially among these factors.Now through the PTA meetings it became possible to bridge the gap. Some teachers suggested that they need more training regarding new methods in teaching. Now per year they are getting 20 days of training only. Students are also happy about the learning in class and they have personal contact with the teachers. * Educational infrastructure: – In Karunapuram a total of 10 schools are present. Out of which 5 are primary schools including 1 government school. The schools have all the basic facilities including toilets. The class room walls are decorated with the chapters of study as a part of SSA.It is really a good tendency since the students will learn all the subjects together and they can attribute these to the real life situations easily. The schools are trying to produce an atmosphere which will enable the students to actively participate in school activities. The teaching aid includes computer and LCD projectors. The syllabus for1st to 4th standard is easy to understand and there is no pressure on children for marks since the evaluation is grade based. There is a provision for mid day meal scheme in those schools and also there is a supply of egg.There is one wind farm in Karunapuram village in which Vestas are the technical support providers. As a part of their CSR activities they constructed toilets for girl children in schools. * Economic status: – The economic status as said earlier is not a matter to most of the families. Also in primary education the cost is not that much higher. So the parents are able to afford it. Most of the primary schools are at a walk able distance. So only a few children are utilizing the school van/bus facility. One interesting thing noticed is that the primary school children are going to private tuition also.The schools are really good and then again the parents are sending them to private tuition providers. When I asked about the parents about this issue they said that for some subjects like English and Science it is not possible for the parents to explain. * Societal culture: – It can be said that in the village society plays a big role in education. One simple example will add to it. One parent said when asked about why they are sending their children to English medium school, that the neighbours and the relatives are sending their children to English medium. So if he didn’t do it will be a shame for him. Keralites attitude is like that only. Even in my place also this situation is prevalent now a days. Education has become a status symbol. 6. 5 UTTARAKHAND 6. 5. 1 Village – The village covered in Uttarakhand state was Korwa that is in district Dehradun and is a part of the Jaunsar Babar tribal belt. The population of the village is 764. Since the whole village comes under tribal area so the population is only SC nad ST families. The ST are the Rajputs and the SC are basically Das and Harijan families.The main source of income for the people has been agriculture of late but since the past few years, many people have moved on into the govt. jobs and services since agriculture has not been that profitable of lately and the risk involved in it is very high. So with increasingly number of people moving out of the village for better jobs, migration usually is a trend in the village. The general infrastructure of the village is quite good. Talking about education facilities, the village has one primary school, one junior high school, an aanganwadi and a KGBV. . 5. 2 Literacy rate – The literacy level of the village is almost similar to that of the state. The literacy of the village is 71%. A remarkable feature is that in case of the ST or rajput families the literacy level is 77% where it is as low as 52% in case of the SC or harijan families. More than 70% villagers are illiterate and the figure is even worse when it comes to the women. People are motivated to send their children to schools and almost all the children go to school apart from a few exceptions especially of the lower caste families. 6. 5. Educational institutions – Korwa has quite a good educational infrastructure when it comes to the education institutes within the village. The village has a primary school, an aanganwadi, a junior high school and a KGBV. There are 2 teachers in the primary school including the principal and 7 teachers in the high school. The strength of the primary school is 59 (36 ST and 23 SC), whereas the strength of the high school is 237 students. Aanganwadi within the viilage has one worker and around 15 kids within the age group of 1 ? to 5 years come there. . 5. 4 Level of education – Talking about the level of education within the village, the education level is quite poor as compared to the cities or even other rural villages of the plains. The reason being people who have gone out of the village have their children studying in towns and the people left behind are the illiterate ones who know the benefits of studies and that their children should study but do not have enough resources for that. Even the 8th std. children are not being able to read a proper word in English left alone the writing part.Many a times children bunk their school for reasons like going to the fields for harvesting. 6. 5. 5 Status of primary education – In case of primary students, only 2 teachers for 5 classes is not justified. This results in wastage of time for students and the teachers finding it hard to attend each and every child. Children are left unattended. Out of the two teachers, one of them is the principal of the school and most of the time he is out of the village for reasons related to administrative works. Children were happy with the way teachers taught and no case of physical punishment or verbal abuse was seen.Some of the children whose parents are literate and could take out time to teach them were more oriented and focused towards studies than the ones who had no one to teach them at home and the only time they opened their books was when they were in school 6. 5. 6 Factors affecting the aspirations of the children – During our research work what came out was that their were few factors that were very dominant in determining the aspirations of the children. Some of them were: * Parents: The attitude of the parents was one of the major factors in determining the attitude of their children towards studies.In case of Korwa village, people who were educated left the village and when they came back, their better lifestyle showed on them. This was one major reason for the village people to believe that they too need to educate their children for their better future. Agriculture is no more a profit making business there and with increased hardships in daily lives there, people see education as a way of getting rid of all this. Most of the families we interviewed expressed their desire for their children to get education and then a good job. Teachers: Teachers were another factor in determining the aspirations of the children. A good teacher definitely inculcates good values in the students. In case of Korwa, both the teachers lived in the village and very present on all the days. Their dedication towards the teaching profession was pretty good and this showed with the way they handled things despite limited resources. This motivated students to study. They usually used to clear the doubts of the students. * School infrastructure: The school infrastructure though needing many changes and requirements was apt enough to carry out the operations.The location of the school on a hilltop and basic facility of sanitation and water made it easier and more interesting for children there to come to school and study. Clean and hygienic surroundings definitely inspire children to be like one and same was seen there. * Economic status: The economic status played a major role in determining the aspirations of the primary children. The children from the well off families usually had access to many resources and also most of their parents were educated which helped them in their education. Whereas many of the poor families saw sending their children to the school as a means of getting their mid day meal and the scholarships. Many of them had going to school as a second priority when they did not have to go to the field. * Societal culture: Societal culture favoured in developing the aspirations of the kids in a major way. Many of the children were inspired to serve the nation and be in army which rose from the fact that chakrata was very near to the village and was an army base camp. Also many people from the village in army and when they came back home, the interactions excited the kids to be like one of them.One more thing that was seen was that the traditions or the cultures prevalent in the society played a major role in determining what the child wanted to be or aspired for. These things determined his attitude towards education, his teachers and studies. Questionnaire Study to find the educational aspiration of students Basic Information about the student 1. How to cite Educational Aspiration of Primary School Child, Papers